Traditional management of lagoons for fishery can be inconsistent with restoration purposes: the Valli di Comacchio study case

We gathered water and macrobenthic data over a 5-year period in the Valli di Comacchio, the largest lagoons in the Po River Delta (northern Adriatic), to evaluate the response of ecological indices and to test their sensitivity against environmental variables. Of 84 sampling points, only 12 exhibited a good/high ecological quality status according to the BITS and 28 according to the M-AMBI. Environmental variables representative of eutrophication did not correlate with the indices. The impacts experienced by the Valli during the last 30 years seem to have led to disruption of the pelagic–benthic food web. Eel fisheries, whose management is traditionally characterised by long water residence time, thus seem inconsistent with restoration purposes.     

近53年黄河流域降水时空分布特征

利用黄河流域76个气象台站近53 a（1960-2012）的逐日降水资料,采用国际上通用的极端降水事件指数,应用一元线性回归法、移动平均法和径向基函数空间插值法,研究了黄河流域极端降水指数时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）时间上,黄河流域年平均降水量在过去53 a下降趋势较为显著,降水倾向率为-7.2 mm/10a;极端降水量变化趋势表现较为稳定,极端降水倾向率为-0.64 mm/10a,呈不断降低趋势;极端降水强度倾向率为-0.078 mm/10a,呈不断下降趋势;极端降水比率总体表现为微弱增长趋势,倾向率为0.49 mm/10a。（2）空间上,降水量空间分布具有明显的差异性,由北至南呈阶梯式逐渐增多趋势,其中降水量最少的地区是以银川为代表的周边区域,最多的地区为黄河流域南部区域;极端降水量从北至南也具有逐渐增多态势,与降水量具有相似的空间分布特点,且极端降水量越多的地区降水总量也相对较多;极端降水强度表现出由流域西部向东部逐渐增多的趋势,西部最低值为不到20 mm/d,逐渐向东过渡到最大值为76 mm/d;极端降水比率的分布呈由北向南逐渐递减的特点,并且出现了以银川为中心的极大值和以西安为中心的极小值分布格局。     

Determination and QSPR analysis of log Kow and log Koc for fluorine containing benzene derivatives

Octanol‐water partition coefficients (Kow) and soil organic carbon sorption coefficients (Koc) were determined for 14 fluorinated benzene derivatives. Quantitative structure‐property relationships were developed using molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters to analyze the most significant factors influencing these physico‐chemical properties of the compounds. The substitution by F in benzene derivatives has greater influence on Koc than on Kow.     

Egg production and hatching success in North Adriatic Sea populations of the copepod acartia clausi

Egg production, fecal pellet production and hatching success are reported for Acartia clausi females sampled during three cruises in February 1997, 1998 and June 1997 at 20-24 stations along 4 transects in the North Adriatic Sea. Dramatically low hatching rates were recorded during both diatom bloom events in February as opposed to much higher rates during post-bloom conditions in June, even though A. clausi productivity during the bloom was apparently high. These results are discussed in the light of recent findings on the negative impact of diatoms on copepod reproductive potential.     

Demonstrating a correlation between infrastructure and national development

This paper demonstrates a correlation between the extensiveness of infrastructure and national development. This was achieved by considering kilometres of paved roads, kilometres of rail, kilometres of paved runways, quality of shipping ports and quality of urban infrastructure. Data were collected from a variety of sources including the World Bank and the United Nations databases. Measures of the quantity or extensiveness of the infrastructures were normalized based on the populations of the various countries, transforming them into per capita measures, which were then logarithmically transformed to produce indices of the extensiveness of the infrastructures. These indices were then plotted against the national development indicator, the human development index (HDI). Of the infrastructures considered, paved roads per capita index showed the strongest correlation with HDI, while quality of port infrastructure index showed the weakest correlation. When the indices for the different infrastructures were combined into a single index the correlation with HDI appeared to be strongest, highlighting the synergistic effect of different infrastructures when working in tandem. Based on this, the findings of this study support the position of holistically managing a country's infrastructure assets.     

城市化对长三角地区极端气温影响的时空分异研究

论文利用长三角地区65个气象站1960—2014年日最高、最低气温资料,分析并比较了大城市站、一般城市站和乡村站极端气温指数变化趋势以及城市化对大城市站和一般城市站各极端气温指数趋势变化的影响。结果表明：极端气温暖指日数明显增加,冷指日数明显减少,极值指数呈微弱上升趋势。暖指数城市站比乡村站增加趋势明显,冷指数城市站比乡村站减少趋势明显。除月最低气温极小值外,其他极值指数变化趋势在城市、乡村间差异较小。大城市站冰冻日数、霜冻日数、冷（暖）昼日数和月最低气温极小（大）值城市化影响显著,一般城市站冰冻日数、霜冻日数和月最低气温极小值城市化影响显著,城市化对极端气温影响明显的是长三角北部、江苏南部和浙东南的部分城市站点。冷昼日数城市化效应在冬季较明显,暖昼（夜）日数城市化效应在夏季较明显,春季、夏季、冬季城市化对极值指数的影响显著。     

松前水稻（Oryzasativa cv.Matsumae）对土壤菲污染的生理生态响应

以松前水稻（Oryza sativa cv.Matsumae）为试验材料,研究了5种质量分数菲污染土壤对松前水稻营养生长期生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）菲质量分数低于20 mg·kg-1时促进茎直径的生长,随菲质量分数的增大对水稻苗期生长有明显的抑制作用。低质量分数和高质量分数的菲污染土壤对茎高和株高均有明显抑制作用,而中等质量分数影响不明显。（2）随菲质量分数的增大脯氨酸含量逐渐增大,而蛋白质含量均有不同程度的下降,植物体内存在着脯氨酸积累和蛋白质减少的反馈控制系统。（3）菲胁迫引起水稻叶片膜脂过氧化,植物体累积过量的丙二醛,且SOD活性受到不同程度的影响。（4）菲胁迫下,水稻营养生长期叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用速率无明显正相关关系。     

聚合氯化铁一腐殖酸絮体的空间异质性研究

采用专业的软件对聚合氯化铁一腐殖酸（PFC—HA）絮体二维图像进行灰度解析与高度校正,确定了聚合氯化铁混凝腐殖酸的体系中不同PFC投药量时典型絮体的空间高程分布矩阵;并据此分别计算了PFC絮体的二维分形维数（Ds）、不同方向的Hurst指数及一维自仿射分形维数日．结果表明,不同PFC投药量下,利用TPSAM、PCM、C...     

TOWARDS CHARACTERIZING AND PLANNTNG FOR DROUGHT IN VERMONT‐PART II: POLICY IMPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Vermont is one of approximately half a dozen states for which no official drought mitigation plan exists. Given the recurring nature of this natural hazard, current contingency measures should be expanded upon into a coherent mitigation framework. The types of drought and impacts resulting from the 1998 to 1999 event were the focus of a previous article in this volume. The present article builds on the understanding of drought characteristics specific to the Vermont context and introduces the rationale behind a proposed drought planning framework. Pivotal organizations and institutions that should be involved in this process are also presented.     

北方农牧交错带土地利用及景观格局变化特征

基于1988,1995和2000年3期Landsat TM数据,采用遥感,GIS和景观生态学方法,运用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局分析软件Fragstats3.3,对北方农牧交错带土地利用及景观格局变化进行了动态研究.结果表明:①减少的耕地主要转为草地,增加的耕地也主要源于开垦草地;②耕地转为草地的空间分布较均匀,草地转为耕地的区域差异明显;③1988—1995年和1995—2000年2个时段参加变化的土地数量差异显著;④增加的沙地主要源于草地退化;⑤景观异质性上升,结构趋向均衡化,稳定性增强,受人类干扰程度在加大.